MnO
Manganese(II) oxide · Manganosite
Manganese(II) oxide is a stable, semiconducting transition metal oxide widely researched as a high-capacity conversion anode for electrochemical energy storage.
About Manganese(II) oxide
Manganese(II) oxide is a semiconducting transition metal oxide that serves as a key material in the study of conversion-based anodes. As a thermodynamically stable phase located on the convex hull, it represents a reliable structural baseline for understanding electrochemical reactivity in metal oxides.
Its importance stems from its ability to undergo conversion reactions, which offer significant potential for high-capacity energy storage applications. With extensive structural data available, it remains a foundational subject for researchers investigating the mechanisms of ion storage in advanced battery technologies.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Manganese(II) oxide, aggregated across 5 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of MnO. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for MnO, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pmmn (No. 59) | orthorhombic | 1.16 | 0.0000 | -9.088 | 5.48 |
| — | — | 0.37 | 0.0000 | -2.038 | — |
| — | — | 0.70 | 0.0000 | -2.038 | — |
| — | — | 0.35 | 0.0000 | -2.038 | — |
| — | — | 0.39 | 0.0001 | -2.038 | — |
| — | — | 0.53 | 0.0001 | -2.038 | — |
| — | — | 0.53 | 0.0003 | -2.038 | — |
| — | — | 0.52 | 0.0006 | -2.038 | — |
| — | — | 0.39 | 0.0009 | -2.037 | — |
| — | — | 0.52 | 0.0012 | -2.037 | — |
| — | — | 0.42 | 0.0015 | -2.037 | — |
| — | — | 0.42 | 0.0020 | -2.036 | — |
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting MnO.
Applications
Where Manganese(II) oxide is used.
Patent Landscape
3 patents reference MnO or close compositional variants.
| Patent | Title | Assignee | Granted |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5086029 | Vanadium spinel materials in the V.sub.2 O.sub.3 --MnO--SiO.sub.2 system | — | — |
| 5061674 | Compositions involving MnO--V.sub.2 O.sub.3 --TiO.sub.2 | — | — |
| 4147670 | Nonohmic ZnO ceramics including Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, CoO, MnO, Sb.sub.2 O.sub. 3 | — | — |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Manganese(II) oxide, answered from cross-validated data.
What is MnO?
Manganese(II) oxide is a stable, semiconducting transition metal oxide widely researched as a high-capacity conversion anode for electrochemical energy storage.
What is MnO used for?
What is the band gap of MnO?
Is MnO a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is MnO thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of MnO?
What is the density of MnO?
How many polymorphs of MnO are known?
How is MnO synthesized?
What elements does MnO contain?
Where does the data for MnO come from?
How It Compares
Within the conversion oxide anodes class.
Within the family of conversion oxide anodes, MnO stands out for its thermodynamic stability compared to more complex oxides like Co3O4 or MnO2. While siblings such as CuO and Fe2O3 are frequently studied for their specific redox behaviors, MnO provides a more straightforward structural model for analyzing the fundamental conversion processes that define this entire class of anode materials.
Related Compounds
Other Conversion Oxide Anodes in the database.
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
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