MnO2
Manganese dioxide · Pyrolusite, Battery manganese
Manganese dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral compound that acts as a powerful oxidizing agent. It is widely utilized in the production of various battery technologies and as a catalyst in chemical synthesis processes.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Manganese dioxide, aggregated across 5 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of MnO2. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for MnO2, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C2/m (No. 12) | monoclinic | 0.54 | 0.0000 | -8.175 | 5.00 |
| Pnma (No. 62) | orthorhombic | 0.00 | 0.0157 | -8.159 | 4.82 |
| I4/m (No. 87) | tetragonal | 1.15 | 0.0167 | -8.158 | 4.28 |
| P42/m (No. 84) | tetragonal | 1.02 | 0.0361 | -8.139 | 3.49 |
| P2/m (No. 10) | monoclinic | 0.98 | 0.0361 | -8.139 | 3.49 |
| Pnma (No. 62) | orthorhombic | 0.62 | 0.0409 | -8.134 | 4.70 |
| P63mc (No. 186) | hexagonal | 0.87 | 0.0453 | -8.130 | 4.83 |
| P42/mnm (No. 136) | tetragonal | 0.00 | 0.0464 | -8.129 | 5.20 |
| Pnnm (No. 58) | orthorhombic | 0.00 | 0.0465 | -8.129 | 5.22 |
| R-3m (No. 166) | trigonal | 0.00 | 0.0598 | -8.115 | 4.44 |
| R-3m (No. 166) | trigonal | 1.58 | 0.0609 | -8.114 | 4.46 |
| P-3m1 (No. 164) | trigonal | 1.52 | 0.0636 | -8.112 | 4.44 |
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting MnO2.
Applications
Where Manganese dioxide is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Manganese dioxide, answered from cross-validated data.
What is MnO2?
Manganese dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral compound that acts as a powerful oxidizing agent. It is widely utilized in the production of various battery technologies and as a catalyst in chemical synthesis processes.
What is MnO2 used for?
What is the band gap of MnO2?
Is MnO2 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is MnO2 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of MnO2?
What is the density of MnO2?
How many polymorphs of MnO2 are known?
How is MnO2 synthesized?
What elements does MnO2 contain?
Where does the data for MnO2 come from?
Related Compounds
Other Conversion Oxide Anodes in the database.
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project. Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013).
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