Batteries — Cathodes
Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxides
Three-dimensional spinel frameworks such as LiMn2O4 and the high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, offering fast Li-ion diffusion and low-cost manganese chemistry for power-oriented cells.
At a glance
Class Statistics
Compounds Tracked
718
Multi-Source DFT
174
With Synthesis Routes
6
Avg. Agreement
1.00 / 1.00
Members
Top Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxides
Ranked by data richness — literature synthesis coverage, multi-source DFT corroboration, and patent activity.
| Formula | Band Gap | Best EAH (eV/atom) | Stability | DFT Sources | Recipes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiMn2O4 | 0.01–1.05 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 2 | 139 |
| Li2MnO3 | 0.94–1.44 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 2 | 39 |
| Li2MnSiO4 | 2.18–3.35 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 2 | 6 |
| LiMnO2 | 0.35–1.99 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 4 | 2 |
| Li5Mn3O8 | 0.20–1.19 eV | 0.0250 | Near hull (likely stable) | 4 | 0 |
| Li3Mn4O8 | 0.25–1.28 eV | 0.0266 | Metastable | 4 | 0 |
| Li2Mn3NiO8 | 0.53–1.63 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 4 | 0 |
| Co5Li9Mn2O16 | 0.01–1.66 eV | 0.0484 | Metastable | 3 | 0 |
| CoLi7Mn4O12 | 0.02–1.46 eV | 0.0179 | Near hull (likely stable) | 3 | 0 |
| Li7Mn5O12 | 0.08–1.31 eV | 0.0132 | Near hull (likely stable) | 3 | 0 |
| LiMn2NiO6 | 0.71–1.35 eV | 0.0688 | Metastable | 4 | 0 |
| LiMnBO3 | 1.98–3.21 eV | 0.0007 | On hull (stable) | 2 | 1 |
| LiMn4O8 | 0.16–0.57 eV | 0.0301 | Metastable | 3 | 0 |
| Li4Mn3NbO8 | 0.02–0.97 eV | 0.0744 | Metastable | 3 | 0 |
| CoLi5Mn2O8 | 0.06–1.58 eV | 0.0389 | Metastable | 2 | 0 |
| Li2MnCoO4 | 0.01–1.13 eV | 0.0208 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| Li2MnO2F | 0.63–2.40 eV | 0.0070 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| Li3Mn2CoO6 | 0.11–0.96 eV | 0.0206 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| Li3MnCoO5 | 0.01–1.73 eV | 0.0491 | Metastable | 2 | 0 |
| Li4Mn3CoO8 | 0.02–1.13 eV | 0.0299 | Metastable | 2 | 0 |
| Li4Mn3O7 | 0.49–1.20 eV | 0.0240 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| Li5Mn2CoO8 | 0.06–1.58 eV | 0.0389 | Metastable | 2 | 0 |
| Li7Mn4CoO12 | 0.02–1.46 eV | 0.0179 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| LiMnSiO4 | 0.03–1.64 eV | 0.0249 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| Li2Mn3NbO8 | 0.67–1.31 eV | 0.0154 | Near hull (likely stable) | 3 | 0 |
| Li6Mn3CoO10 | 0.01–1.02 eV | 0.0300 | Metastable | 2 | 0 |
| Li2MnNi3O8 | 0.21 eV | 0.0130 | Near hull (likely stable) | 3 | 0 |
| LiMn3O6 | 0.31–0.92 eV | 0.0182 | Near hull (likely stable) | 3 | 0 |
| Li2Mn3O6 | 0.05–0.86 eV | 0.0312 | Metastable | 3 | 0 |
| Li5MnO4 | 0.81–1.77 eV | 0.0414 | Metastable | 3 | 0 |
| CoLi4Mn3O8 | 0.02–1.13 eV | 0.0299 | Metastable | 2 | 0 |
| Li3MnO3 | 0.74–2.50 eV | 0.0168 | Near hull (likely stable) | 3 | 0 |
| K2LiMn2O4 | 0.69–1.11 eV | 0.0918 | Metastable | 3 | 0 |
| Li2MnV3O8 | 0.54–1.72 eV | 0.0090 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| K11LiMn4O16 | 1.75 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 3 | 0 |
| Li3Mn2O5 | 0.27–1.41 eV | 0.0216 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| Li2Mn3SnO8 | 0.61–0.88 eV | 0.0036 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| Li4Mn4O8 | 0.35–1.99 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 2 | 0 |
| FLi2MnO2 | 0.63–2.40 eV | 0.0070 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| Li2MnCr3O8 | 0.09–0.97 eV | 0.0670 | Metastable | 2 | 0 |
| Li2Mn3CoO8 | 0.39–1.43 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 2 | 0 |
| LiMn2O3F | 0.39–1.16 eV | 0.0246 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| LiMnVO4 | 1.45–2.19 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 2 | 0 |
| Li2Mn3SbO8 | 0.18–1.18 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 2 | 0 |
| Li2MnCrO4 | 0.68–1.32 eV | 0.0419 | Metastable | 2 | 0 |
| CoLi3Mn2O6 | 0.11–0.96 eV | 0.0206 | Near hull (likely stable) | 2 | 0 |
| LiMn2O2F3 | 0.66–1.30 eV | 0.0289 | Metastable | 2 | 0 |
| Li2MnCo3O8 | 0.14–1.42 eV | 0.0000 | On hull (stable) | 2 | 0 |
| LiMnOF2 | 0.08–2.06 eV | 0.0280 | Metastable | 2 | 0 |
| Co2Li4MnO7 | 0.02–1.71 eV | 0.0515 | Metastable | 1 | 0 |
Reference
Frequently Asked Questions
How many spinel lithium manganese oxides are in the database?
718 spinel lithium manganese oxides are tracked, of which 174 have multi-source DFT validation and 6 have documented synthesis routes.
More questions
What is the most data-rich spinel lithium manganese oxide?
LiMn2O4 is the most thoroughly characterized, with 35 reported structures.
Which spinel lithium manganese oxide has the widest band gap?
Among the top compounds, Li2MnSiO4 has the widest reported DFT band gap (3.35 eV).
Why are spinel manganese oxides preferred for power-oriented applications?
Their three-dimensional crystal framework provides open, interconnected pathways that allow lithium ions to move rapidly through the structure, enabling high power density and fast charging.
What is the primary advantage of using manganese in these cathode materials?
Manganese is significantly more abundant and less expensive than other transition metals like cobalt or nickel, making it a sustainable and cost-effective choice for large-scale battery production.
What is the role of nickel substitution in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4?
Nickel substitution is used to elevate the operating voltage of the cathode, which directly contributes to a higher overall energy density for the battery cell.
What is the main drawback associated with the cycling of spinel manganese oxides?
The primary challenge is capacity degradation, often linked to the dissolution of manganese into the electrolyte and structural strain during the lithiation and delithiation processes.
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