CdSO4
Cadmium sulfate · cadmium(II) sulfate
Cadmium sulfate is a stable, wide-gap insulating inorganic salt used in electrochemical and chemical synthesis applications.
About Cadmium sulfate
Cadmium sulfate is a thermodynamically stable inorganic compound that functions as a wide-gap insulator. Its electronic structure is characterized by a significant energy separation between valence and conduction bands, which distinguishes it from traditional metallic conductors within the oxide class.
This material is primarily recognized for its role in specialized electrochemical systems and as a precursor in the synthesis of other cadmium-based functional materials. Its stability on the convex hull ensures it remains a reliable subject for structural studies and chemical research.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Cadmium sulfate, aggregated across 3 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of CdSO4. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for CdSO4, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pmn21 (No. 31) | orthorhombic | 3.36 | 0.0000 | -1.426 | — |
| — | — | 3.35 | 0.0000 | -1.690 | — |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | orthorhombic | 2.87 | 0.0000 | -5.973 | 4.40 |
| Pmn21 (No. 31) | orthorhombic | 3.05 | 0.0008 | -5.972 | 4.72 |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | orthorhombic | 3.19 | 0.0070 | -1.419 | — |
| — | — | 3.46 | 0.0105 | -1.680 | — |
| — | — | 3.65 | 0.0123 | -1.678 | — |
| — | — | 3.44 | 0.0137 | -1.677 | — |
| Cm (No. 8) | monoclinic | 2.49 | 0.0840 | -1.342 | — |
| — | — | 3.89 | 0.1101 | -1.580 | — |
| P3m1 (No. 156) | trigonal | 1.58 | 0.1852 | -5.787 | 3.81 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | monoclinic | 0.82 | 0.5822 | -5.390 | 2.82 |
Applications
Where Cadmium sulfate is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Cadmium sulfate, answered from cross-validated data.
What is CdSO4?
Cadmium sulfate is a stable, wide-gap insulating inorganic salt used in electrochemical and chemical synthesis applications.
What is CdSO4 used for?
What is the band gap of CdSO4?
Is CdSO4 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is CdSO4 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of CdSO4?
How many polymorphs of CdSO4 are known?
What elements does CdSO4 contain?
Where does the data for CdSO4 come from?
How It Compares
Within the transparent conducting oxides class.
While compounds like ZnO are widely recognized for their transparent conducting properties, CdSO4 occupies a distinct niche as a wide-gap insulator, contrasting with the semiconducting or conductive behavior often sought in materials like BaSnO3 or ZnGa2O4.
Related Compounds
Other Transparent Conducting Oxides in the database.
Data sources & attribution
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- cod — Data from the Crystallography Open Database (crystallography.net/cod/). Cite: Grazulis et al., J. Appl. Cryst. 42, 726 (2009). (CC0-1.0)
- mpaloe — Data from MP-ALOE. Cite: Kuner et al., npj Comput. Mater. (2025), doi:10.1038/s41524-025-01834-9.
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