CdIn2O4
cadmium indium oxide · CIO
CdIn2O4 is a thermodynamically stable, semiconducting transparent conducting oxide used in optoelectronic applications.
About cadmium indium oxide
CdIn2O4 is a transparent conducting oxide characterized by its semiconducting electronic structure. As a thermodynamically stable phase residing on the convex hull, it represents a robust material choice for applications requiring both optical transparency and electrical conductivity.
This material is of significant interest in the field of optoelectronics due to its ability to balance light transmission with charge carrier transport. Its structural reliability makes it a subject of extensive research for thin-film technologies and advanced electronic components.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for cadmium indium oxide, aggregated across 5 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of CdIn2O4. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for CdIn2O4, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fd-3m (No. 227) | cubic | 0.93 | 0.0000 | -1.594 | — |
| Fd-3m (No. 227) | cubic | 0.91 | 0.0000 | -5.595 | 6.88 |
| — | — | 1.16 | 0.0021 | -1.703 | — |
| Fd-3m (No. 227) | cubic | 1.08 | 0.0081 | -1.586 | — |
| — | — | 1.17 | 0.0124 | -1.693 | — |
| Imma (No. 74) | orthorhombic | 0.00 | 0.0778 | -5.517 | 6.69 |
| Imma (No. 74) | orthorhombic | 0.18 | 0.0804 | -1.513 | — |
| Fd-3m (No. 227) | cubic | — | — | — | — |
| Fd-3m (No. 227) | cubic | — | — | — | — |
| Fd-3m (No. 227) | cubic | — | — | — | 7.00 |
| Fd-3m (No. 227) | cubic | — | — | — | 7.12 |
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting CdIn2O4.
Applications
Where cadmium indium oxide is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about cadmium indium oxide, answered from cross-validated data.
What is CdIn2O4?
CdIn2O4 is a thermodynamically stable, semiconducting transparent conducting oxide used in optoelectronic applications.
What is CdIn2O4 used for?
What is the band gap of CdIn2O4?
Is CdIn2O4 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is CdIn2O4 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of CdIn2O4?
How many polymorphs of CdIn2O4 are known?
How is CdIn2O4 synthesized?
What elements does CdIn2O4 contain?
Where does the data for CdIn2O4 come from?
How It Compares
Within the transparent conducting oxides class.
Within the diverse family of transparent conducting oxides and related spinels, CdIn2O4 distinguishes itself through its specific electronic profile compared to wide-gap insulators like ZnGa2O4 or Zn2SiO4. While materials such as BaSnO3 are frequently studied for their high-mobility characteristics, CdIn2O4 provides a unique alternative in the spinel class, offering distinct structural and electronic advantages over related compounds like CaIn2O4.
Related Compounds
Other Transparent Conducting Oxides in the database.
Data sources & attribution
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- nomad — Data from NOMAD (nomad-lab.eu). Cite: Draxl & Scheffler, J. Phys. Mater. 2, 036001 (2019). (CC-BY-4.0)
- cod — Data from the Crystallography Open Database (crystallography.net/cod/). Cite: Grazulis et al., J. Appl. Cryst. 42, 726 (2009). (CC0-1.0)
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