Cd2SnO4
cadmium stannate · cadmium tin oxide
Cadmium stannate is a stable, semiconducting oxide material prized for its combination of optical transparency and electrical conductivity in thin-film applications.
About cadmium stannate
Cadmium stannate is a transparent conducting oxide that exists as a thermodynamically stable phase. Its electronic structure allows it to function as a semiconductor, making it a valuable candidate for applications requiring high optical transparency combined with electrical conductivity.
Due to its structural reliability, this material has been extensively characterized across multiple databases. It is primarily utilized in thin-film technology where the balance between light transmission and charge carrier mobility is critical for device performance.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for cadmium stannate, aggregated across 3 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of Cd2SnO4. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Cd2SnO4, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | 0.70 | 0.0000 | -1.578 | — |
| Pbam (No. 55) | orthorhombic | 0.58 | 0.0000 | -1.467 | — |
| Pbam (No. 55) | orthorhombic | 0.40 | 0.0000 | -5.381 | 7.55 |
| Imma (No. 74) | orthorhombic | 0.35 | 0.0228 | -1.444 | — |
| Imma (No. 74) | orthorhombic | 0.22 | 0.0283 | -5.353 | 6.85 |
| — | — | 0.36 | 0.0966 | -1.481 | — |
| Fd-3m (No. 227) | cubic | 0.25 | 0.0973 | -5.284 | 6.66 |
| Fd-3m (No. 227) | cubic | 0.13 | 0.1013 | -1.366 | — |
| Pbam (No. 55) | orthorhombic | — | — | — | 7.73 |
| Pbam (No. 55) | orthorhombic | — | — | — | 7.83 |
| Fd-3m (No. 227) | cubic | — | — | — | 6.90 |
| Pbam (No. 55) | orthorhombic | — | — | — | 7.26 |
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting Cd2SnO4.
Applications
Where cadmium stannate is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about cadmium stannate, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Cd2SnO4?
Cadmium stannate is a stable, semiconducting oxide material prized for its combination of optical transparency and electrical conductivity in thin-film applications.
What is Cd2SnO4 used for?
What is the band gap of Cd2SnO4?
Is Cd2SnO4 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is Cd2SnO4 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of Cd2SnO4?
How many polymorphs of Cd2SnO4 are known?
How is Cd2SnO4 synthesized?
What elements does Cd2SnO4 contain?
Where does the data for Cd2SnO4 come from?
How It Compares
Within the transparent conducting oxides class.
Within the broader family of transparent conducting oxides, Cd2SnO4 occupies a distinct position compared to materials like ZnO or BaSnO3. While many zinc-based oxides are widely employed for their abundance, cadmium stannate offers unique electronic characteristics that differentiate it from the more common spinel-structured oxides like ZnGa2O4 or ZnCr2O4, providing a specialized alternative for high-performance transparent electronics.
Related Compounds
Other Transparent Conducting Oxides in the database.
Data sources & attribution
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- cod — Data from the Crystallography Open Database (crystallography.net/cod/). Cite: Grazulis et al., J. Appl. Cryst. 42, 726 (2009). (CC0-1.0)
- mpaloe — Data from MP-ALOE. Cite: Kuner et al., npj Comput. Mater. (2025), doi:10.1038/s41524-025-01834-9.
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