Rh
Rhodium · Rh
Rhodium is a stable, metallic element from the platinum group widely utilized for its superior catalytic performance.
About Rhodium
Rhodium is a noble, metallic element that serves as a cornerstone of the platinum-group alloy catalysts. Its inherent thermodynamic stability ensures structural integrity under harsh chemical environments, making it a highly reliable material for demanding catalytic applications.
As a metallic conductor without a band gap, it facilitates efficient electron transfer during surface reactions. Its widespread documentation across multiple structural databases underscores its status as a fundamental building block in modern materials science and industrial chemistry.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Rhodium, aggregated across 6 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of Rh. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Rh, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -24.136 | 12.40 |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.011 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0015 | 0.002 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0184 | 0.018 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0220 | -24.114 | 12.38 |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0260 | 0.026 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0356 | 0.036 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0384 | 0.038 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0450 | 0.045 | — |
Applications
Where Rhodium is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Rhodium, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Rh?
Rhodium is a stable, metallic element from the platinum group widely utilized for its superior catalytic performance.
What is Rh used for?
What is the band gap of Rh?
Is Rh a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is Rh thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of Rh?
How many polymorphs of Rh are known?
What elements does Rh contain?
Where does the data for Rh come from?
How It Compares
Within the platinum-group alloy catalysts class.
Unlike complex intermetallic compounds such as LaRh or As2Ir, rhodium exists as a pure elemental metal, providing a baseline for catalytic activity that the other platinum-group alloys often seek to emulate or modify through alloying.
Related Compounds
Other Platinum-Group Alloy Catalysts in the database.
Data sources & attribution
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
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