Na2SO4
Sodium sulfate · Thenardite, Glauber's salt
Sodium sulfate is a common inorganic compound that exists as a white crystalline solid. It is widely utilized in industrial manufacturing processes, particularly in the production of detergents and paper products.
NaOS
Overview
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Sodium sulfate, aggregated across 3 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
0.18–5.03 eV
Range across DFT structures
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
0.000 eV/atom
Best (lowest) across sources
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
On hull (stable)
2 DFT sources
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
19
3 databases, 5 space groups
Crystallography
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Na2SO4, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fddd (No. 70) | orthorhombic | 4.99 | 0.0000 | -6.007 | 2.74 |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | orthorhombic | 4.97 | 0.0036 | -6.003 | 2.78 |
| Pnma (No. 62) | orthorhombic | 5.03 | 0.0061 | -6.001 | 2.77 |
| P1 (No. 1) | triclinic | 1.65 | 0.3718 | -5.635 | 1.97 |
| P1 (No. 1) | triclinic | 0.18 | 0.7433 | -5.264 | 2.09 |
| P-3m1 (No. 164) | trigonal | 0.00 | 1.6428 | -4.364 | 2.63 |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | Orthorhombic | — | — | — | 2.64 |
| P-3m1 (No. 164) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | Orthorhombic | — | — | — | 2.59 |
| Pnma (No. 62) | Orthorhombic | — | — | — | 2.74 |
| Fddd (No. 70) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | Orthorhombic | — | — | — | 2.75 |
Uses
Applications
Where Sodium sulfate is used.
Detergent manufacturingKraft process for paper pulpingGlass productionTextile dyeing
Reference
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Sodium sulfate, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Na2SO4?
Sodium sulfate is a common inorganic compound that exists as a white crystalline solid. It is widely utilized in industrial manufacturing processes, particularly in the production of detergents and paper products.
More questions
What is Na2SO4 used for?
Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is used in detergent manufacturing, kraft process for paper pulping, glass production, and textile dyeing.
What is the band gap of Na2SO4?
Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) has a DFT-computed band gap of 0.18–5.03 eV across 19 reported structures.
Is Na2SO4 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
With a wide band gap up to 5.03 eV it is an insulator / wide-band-gap material.
Is Na2SO4 thermodynamically stable?
Yes — Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) sits on the convex hull (energy above hull 0 eV/atom), i.e. on hull (stable).
What is the crystal structure of Na2SO4?
The lowest-energy reported polymorph of Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is orthorhombic symmetry, space group Fddd (No. 70).
What is the density of Na2SO4?
The computed density of the ground-state structure of Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is 2.74 g/cm³.
How many polymorphs of Na2SO4 are known?
19 structures of Na2SO4 are reported across 3 databases, spanning 5 distinct space groups.
What elements does Na2SO4 contain?
Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) contains Na, O, and S (3 elements).
Where does the data for Na2SO4 come from?
Na2SO4 data is cross-referenced from materials_project, mpaloe, jarvis.
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project. Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013).
- mpaloe — Data from mpaloe.
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (NIST). Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020).
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