GeO2
Germanium dioxide · Germania, Germanic oxide
Germanium dioxide is an inorganic compound that serves as the primary commercial source of germanium. It is widely utilized in the production of specialized optical materials due to its unique refractive properties.
GeO
Overview
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Germanium dioxide, aggregated across 3 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
0.79–3.28 eV
Range across DFT structures
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
0.000 eV/atom
Best (lowest) across sources
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
On hull (stable)
2 DFT sources
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
261
3 databases, 34 space groups
Crystallography
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for GeO2, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P42/mnm (No. 136) | tetragonal | 1.22 | 0.0000 | -6.996 | 6.20 |
| Pbcn (No. 60) | orthorhombic | 1.52 | 0.0362 | -6.960 | 6.33 |
| P3121 (No. 152) | trigonal | 3.25 | 0.0796 | -6.917 | 4.26 |
| P3221 (No. 154) | trigonal | 3.25 | 0.0800 | -6.916 | 4.29 |
| Pnnm (No. 58) | orthorhombic | 1.37 | 0.0854 | -6.911 | 5.97 |
| P41212 (No. 92) | tetragonal | 3.28 | 0.0934 | -6.903 | 3.94 |
| C2/c (No. 15) | monoclinic | 3.25 | 0.1092 | -6.887 | 4.40 |
| Pa-3 (No. 205) | cubic | 0.79 | 0.3042 | -6.692 | 6.42 |
| P3121 (No. 152) | trigonal | 0.98 | 1.6249 | -5.371 | 4.53 |
| P1 (No. 1) | Triclinic | — | — | — | 5.63 |
| P3221 (No. 154) | — | — | — | — | — |
| C2/c (No. 15) | Monoclinic | — | — | — | 4.08 |
Synthesis
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting GeO2.
Sol-Gel
Procedure available · ceder_solid_state
Uses
Applications
Where Germanium dioxide is used.
Fiber opticsInfrared opticsCatalysts for polymer productionSemiconductor manufacturing
Reference
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Germanium dioxide, answered from cross-validated data.
What is GeO2?
Germanium dioxide is an inorganic compound that serves as the primary commercial source of germanium. It is widely utilized in the production of specialized optical materials due to its unique refractive properties.
More questions
What is GeO2 used for?
Germanium dioxide (GeO2) is used in fiber optics, infrared optics, catalysts for polymer production, and semiconductor manufacturing.
What is the band gap of GeO2?
Germanium dioxide (GeO2) has a DFT-computed band gap of 0.79–3.28 eV across 261 reported structures.
Is GeO2 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
With a wide band gap up to 3.28 eV it is an insulator / wide-band-gap material.
Is GeO2 thermodynamically stable?
Yes — Germanium dioxide (GeO2) sits on the convex hull (energy above hull 0 eV/atom), i.e. on hull (stable).
What is the crystal structure of GeO2?
The lowest-energy reported polymorph of Germanium dioxide (GeO2) is tetragonal symmetry, space group P42/mnm (No. 136).
What is the density of GeO2?
The computed density of the ground-state structure of Germanium dioxide (GeO2) is 6.20 g/cm³.
How many polymorphs of GeO2 are known?
261 structures of GeO2 are reported across 3 databases, spanning 34 distinct space groups.
How is GeO2 synthesized?
Literature-reported routes for GeO2 include sol-gel.
What elements does GeO2 contain?
Germanium dioxide (GeO2) contains Ge and O (2 elements).
Where does the data for GeO2 come from?
GeO2 data is cross-referenced from materials_project, mpaloe, jarvis.
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project. Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013).
- mpaloe — Data from mpaloe.
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (NIST). Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020).
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