Cd
Cadmium · Cd metal
Cadmium is a stable, naturally occurring metallic element used in various industrial and electrochemical applications.
About Cadmium
Cadmium is a naturally occurring metallic element that exists in a thermodynamically stable state. As a metal, it exhibits characteristic electrical conductivity and is a foundational material in various chemical and industrial processes. Its structural versatility is evidenced by the numerous reported crystalline arrangements found in scientific databases.
This element plays a significant role in modern technology, particularly in specialized coatings and electrochemical components. Its stability and physical properties make it a subject of extensive study for researchers aiming to understand the behavior of heavy metals in diverse material systems.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Cadmium, aggregated across 6 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of Cd. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Cd, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pm-3m (No. 221) | cubic | 4.38 | 0.0000 | 0.865 | — |
| R-3m (No. 166) | trigonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -0.010 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.003 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.014 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -20.105 | 8.37 |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0050 | 0.005 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0052 | 0.005 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0053 | 0.005 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0068 | 0.007 | — |
Applications
Where Cadmium is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Cadmium, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Cd?
Cadmium is a stable, naturally occurring metallic element used in various industrial and electrochemical applications.
What is Cd used for?
What is the band gap of Cd?
Is Cd a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is Cd thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of Cd?
How many polymorphs of Cd are known?
What elements does Cd contain?
Where does the data for Cd come from?
How It Compares
As a pure elemental metal, cadmium serves as a fundamental reference point in materials science, representing a stable, metallic baseline against which more complex alloys and compounds are measured.
Data sources & attribution
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
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