C3S4
C3S4 is a semiconducting carbon-sulfur compound that exhibits structural complexity and thermodynamic instability.
About C3S4
C3S4 is a complex binary compound composed of carbon and sulfur. As a semiconducting material, it represents a unique intersection of organic-like bonding and inorganic structural motifs, drawing significant interest for its diverse potential configurations.
Despite its structural variety, the compound is characterized as being above the hull, suggesting it is thermodynamically unstable under standard conditions. Its existence across multiple reported structures highlights the intricate energy landscape inherent to carbon-sulfur systems.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for C3S4, aggregated across 4 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of C3S4. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for C3S4, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | 1.54 | 0.2624 | 0.136 | — |
| P21/c (No. 14) | monoclinic | 1.45 | 0.2627 | -8.591 | 1.83 |
| P-1 (No. 2) | triclinic | — | — | — | 4.61 |
| C2 (No. 5) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 2.62 |
| Cm (No. 8) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 2.70 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 4.71 |
| C2 (No. 5) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 2.79 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 4.16 |
| Cm (No. 8) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 4.74 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 3.11 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 3.28 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 2.81 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about C3S4, answered from cross-validated data.
What is C3S4?
C3S4 is a semiconducting carbon-sulfur compound that exhibits structural complexity and thermodynamic instability.
What is the band gap of C3S4?
Is C3S4 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is C3S4 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of C3S4?
What is the density of C3S4?
How many polymorphs of C3S4 are known?
What elements does C3S4 contain?
Where does the data for C3S4 come from?
How It Compares
As a member of the carbon-sulfur material class, C3S4 occupies a niche position defined by its semiconducting nature and structural metastability. Unlike more stable, simple binary sulfides, this compound demonstrates a high degree of structural diversity, reflecting the complex bonding possibilities between carbon and sulfur atoms.
Data sources & attribution
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- mpaloe — Data from MP-ALOE. Cite: Kuner et al., npj Comput. Mater. (2025), doi:10.1038/s41524-025-01834-9.
- cod — Data from the Crystallography Open Database (crystallography.net/cod/). Cite: Grazulis et al., J. Appl. Cryst. 42, 726 (2009). (CC0-1.0)
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