Y2O3
Yttrium oxide · Yttria
Yttrium oxide is a stable, insulating ceramic compound widely utilized for its optical, thermal, and dielectric properties in advanced technology.
About Yttrium oxide
Yttrium oxide is a robust, thermodynamically stable ceramic material that serves as a foundational oxide in materials science. As a wide-gap insulator, it exhibits excellent dielectric properties and thermal resilience, making it a preferred choice for high-performance industrial and scientific environments.
Its structural versatility is highlighted by the extensive number of reported configurations found across major materials databases. This adaptability allows it to function effectively as a host material for phosphors, a protective coating, and a key component in specialized glass and ceramic manufacturing.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Yttrium oxide, aggregated across 3 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of Y2O3. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Y2O3, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | 4.37 | 0.0000 | -3.808 | — |
| Ia-3 (No. 206) | cubic | 4.31 | 0.0000 | -3.861 | — |
| Ia-3 (No. 206) | cubic | 4.10 | 0.0000 | -9.526 | 5.03 |
| — | — | 4.30 | 0.0129 | -3.795 | — |
| C2/m (No. 12) | monoclinic | 4.09 | 0.0276 | -3.833 | — |
| C2/m (No. 12) | monoclinic | 3.96 | 0.0342 | -9.492 | 5.46 |
| P21/m (No. 11) | monoclinic | 3.57 | 0.0418 | -9.484 | 5.36 |
| R-3c (No. 167) | trigonal | 4.67 | 0.0440 | -3.817 | — |
| — | — | 4.06 | 0.0458 | -3.762 | — |
| P-3m1 (No. 164) | trigonal | 4.21 | 0.0492 | -3.811 | — |
| R-3c (No. 167) | trigonal | 4.44 | 0.0494 | -9.477 | 5.16 |
| — | — | 4.57 | 0.0499 | -3.758 | — |
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting Y2O3.
Applications
Where Yttrium oxide is used.
Patent Landscape
18 patents reference Y2O3 or close compositional variants.
| Patent | Title | Assignee | Granted |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11014853 | Y2O3—ZrO2 erosion resistant material for chamber components in plasma environments | — | — |
| 7494723 | Y2O3 spray-coated member and production method thereof | — | — |
| 8173084 | Yb:Y2O3 ceramic powders | — | — |
| 7258707 | AI2O3-La2O3-Y2O3-MgO ceramics, and methods of making the same | — | — |
| 7384438 | Fused Al2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2 eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same | — | — |
| 9802868 | Shaped sintered ceramic bodies composed of Y2O3-stabilized zirconium oxide and process for producing a shaped | — | — |
| 6706083 | Fused—Al2O3-MgO-Y2O3 eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the | — | — |
| 6592640 | Fused Al2O3-Y2O3 eutectic abrasive particles, abrasive articles, and methods of making and using the same | — | — |
| 7258928 | Doped Y2O3 buffer layers for laminated conductors | — | — |
| 11667577 | Y2O3—ZrO2 erosion resistant material for chamber components in plasma environments | — | — |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Yttrium oxide, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Y2O3?
Yttrium oxide is a stable, insulating ceramic compound widely utilized for its optical, thermal, and dielectric properties in advanced technology.
What is Y2O3 used for?
What is the band gap of Y2O3?
Is Y2O3 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is Y2O3 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of Y2O3?
How many polymorphs of Y2O3 are known?
How is Y2O3 synthesized?
What elements does Y2O3 contain?
Where does the data for Y2O3 come from?
How It Compares
As a prominent and well-characterized oxide, Yttrium oxide serves as a benchmark for stability and performance within its class of rare-earth oxides, frequently setting the standard for chemical durability and optical clarity.
Data sources & attribution
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
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