V2O5
Vanadium pentoxide · Vanadic anhydride, Vanadium(V) oxide
Vanadium pentoxide is a stable, semiconducting metal oxide widely utilized as a catalyst and in electrochromic applications.
About Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadium pentoxide is a thermodynamically stable, semiconducting oxide that serves as a cornerstone in industrial inorganic chemistry. Its ability to undergo reversible structural changes makes it a primary candidate for advanced electrochromic technologies and energy storage systems.
Beyond its electronic utility, the compound is highly valued for its catalytic properties in oxidation reactions. With extensive structural data available, it remains one of the most thoroughly characterized transition metal oxides in its class.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Vanadium pentoxide, aggregated across 3 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of V2O5. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for V2O5, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pmmn (No. 59) | orthorhombic | 2.29 | 0.0000 | -8.419 | 3.44 |
| — | — | 2.19 | 0.0000 | -2.263 | — |
| Pmmn (No. 59) | orthorhombic | 1.62 | 0.0000 | -2.403 | — |
| Pnma (No. 62) | orthorhombic | 1.55 | 0.0027 | -2.400 | — |
| — | — | 2.08 | 0.0036 | -2.260 | — |
| Pnma (No. 62) | orthorhombic | 1.80 | 0.0045 | -8.414 | 3.17 |
| — | — | 2.08 | 0.0054 | -2.258 | — |
| C2/c (No. 15) | monoclinic | 1.27 | 0.0067 | -2.396 | — |
| Pnma (No. 62) | orthorhombic | 2.35 | 0.0090 | -8.410 | 2.98 |
| Pmmn (No. 59) | orthorhombic | 2.42 | 0.0091 | -8.410 | 2.30 |
| P21/m (No. 11) | monoclinic | 1.70 | 0.0106 | -8.408 | 3.75 |
| Pmmn (No. 59) | orthorhombic | 1.64 | 0.0106 | -2.392 | — |
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting V2O5.
Applications
Where Vanadium pentoxide is used.
Patent Landscape
6 patents reference V2O5 or close compositional variants.
| Patent | Title | Assignee | Granted |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9911969 | V2O5—LiBO2, V2O5—NiO—LiBO2 glasses and their composites obtained by nitrogen doping and reduced graphite oxide | — | — |
| 12269014 | V2C@V2O5/TiO2 composite photocatalyst, preparation method, and application thereof | — | — |
| 10479900 | VO2 and V2O5 nano- and micro-materials and processes of making and uses of same | — | — |
| 9464005 | Dielectric ceramic composition comprising Bi2O3, ZnO, Nb2O5 and V2O5, dielectric ceramic, electronic device, a | — | — |
| 9515310 | V2O5 electrodes with high power and energy densities | — | — |
| 8945715 | Low V2O5—content and V2O5—free porcelain enamels | — | — |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Vanadium pentoxide, answered from cross-validated data.
What is V2O5?
Vanadium pentoxide is a stable, semiconducting metal oxide widely utilized as a catalyst and in electrochromic applications.
What is V2O5 used for?
What is the band gap of V2O5?
Is V2O5 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is V2O5 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of V2O5?
What is the density of V2O5?
How many polymorphs of V2O5 are known?
How is V2O5 synthesized?
What elements does V2O5 contain?
Where does the data for V2O5 come from?
How It Compares
Within the electrochromic and refractory-metal oxides class.
Within the family of refractory-metal oxides, V2O5 is distinguished by its versatile oxidation states compared to the more rigid MoO3 or WO3 systems. While siblings like Nb2O5 and MoO3 are frequently utilized for their dielectric or catalytic stability, V2O5 offers a unique balance of semiconducting behavior and structural flexibility that facilitates its use in dynamic applications.
Related Compounds
Other Electrochromic and Refractory-Metal Oxides in the database.
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
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