V
Vanadium · Vanadium metal
Vanadium is a stable, metallic transition element widely utilized for its ability to enhance the strength and durability of industrial alloys.
About Vanadium
Vanadium is a pure metallic element characterized by its robust thermodynamic stability. As a transition metal, it exhibits metallic electronic properties, serving as a foundational material in metallurgical science and chemical engineering.
Its structural versatility is highlighted by its presence in numerous reported crystal configurations across major databases. This adaptability makes it a critical component in the development of advanced structural materials and specialized industrial alloys.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Vanadium, aggregated across 6 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of V. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for V, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -0.000 | — |
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -14.090 | 6.38 |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.251 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.251 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0398 | 0.040 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0444 | 0.044 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0513 | 0.051 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0911 | 0.091 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.1014 | 0.101 | — |
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting V.
Applications
Where Vanadium is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Vanadium, answered from cross-validated data.
What is V?
Vanadium is a stable, metallic transition element widely utilized for its ability to enhance the strength and durability of industrial alloys.
What is V used for?
What is the band gap of V?
Is V a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is V thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of V?
How many polymorphs of V are known?
How is V synthesized?
What elements does V contain?
Where does the data for V come from?
How It Compares
As a pure elemental metal, vanadium serves as a primary reference point in materials science, providing the foundational metallic properties that define its role in alloying and structural applications.
Data sources & attribution
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
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