Tb
Terbium · Tb
Terbium is a stable, metallic rare-earth element widely used in high-performance magnets, phosphors, and advanced electronic components.
About Terbium
Terbium is a metallic lanthanide element characterized by its distinct position on the convex hull, indicating high thermodynamic stability. As a rare-earth metal, it exhibits complex magnetic behavior and is highly valued for its ability to modify the properties of other materials when used as a dopant or alloying agent.
Its importance stems from its widespread utility in high-performance magnets and specialized lighting applications. Due to its metallic electronic character, it serves as a foundational component in modern solid-state devices where magnetic responsiveness and stability are essential requirements for long-term performance.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Terbium, aggregated across 5 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of Tb. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Tb, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-3m (No. 166) | trigonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.146 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -31.226 | 8.07 |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.011 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.005 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.016 | — |
| R-3m (No. 166) | trigonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.016 | — |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.011 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.016 | — |
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.146 | — |
Applications
Where Terbium is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Terbium, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Tb?
Terbium is a stable, metallic rare-earth element widely used in high-performance magnets, phosphors, and advanced electronic components.
What is Tb used for?
What is the band gap of Tb?
Is Tb a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is Tb thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of Tb?
What is the density of Tb?
How many polymorphs of Tb are known?
What elements does Tb contain?
Where does the data for Tb come from?
How It Compares
As a pure metallic element, Terbium occupies a fundamental role in the lanthanide series. It is distinguished by its specific magnetic transitions and its high degree of thermodynamic stability, which makes it a reliable choice for demanding industrial applications compared to more reactive or less abundant rare-earth counterparts.
Data sources & attribution
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
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