PbO
Lead(II) oxide · Litharge, Massicot
Lead(II) oxide is a yellow or reddish inorganic compound that serves as a primary precursor for many other lead-based materials. It is widely utilized in industrial manufacturing processes, particularly in the production of glass, ceramics, and specialized battery components.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Lead(II) oxide, aggregated across 4 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for PbO, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P4/nmm (No. 129) | tetragonal | 1.46 | 0.0000 | -5.800 | 8.81 |
| Pbcm (No. 57) | orthorhombic | 1.54 | 0.0009 | -5.799 | 8.83 |
| Pbcm (No. 57) | orthorhombic | 2.16 | 0.0102 | -5.790 | 9.14 |
| Pca21 (No. 29) | orthorhombic | 2.23 | 0.0214 | -5.779 | 7.89 |
| P42/mmc (No. 131) | tetragonal | 0.00 | 0.4091 | -5.391 | 8.37 |
| No. 0 | unknown | — | — | — | 4.45 |
| No. 0 | unknown | — | — | — | 2.64 |
| No. 0 | unknown | — | — | — | 2.73 |
| No. 0 | unknown | — | — | — | 4.45 |
| No. 0 | unknown | — | — | — | 4.67 |
| No. 0 | unknown | — | — | — | 2.36 |
| No. 0 | unknown | — | — | — | 2.35 |
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting PbO.
Applications
Where Lead(II) oxide is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Lead(II) oxide, answered from cross-validated data.
What is PbO?
Lead(II) oxide is a yellow or reddish inorganic compound that serves as a primary precursor for many other lead-based materials. It is widely utilized in industrial manufacturing processes, particularly in the production of glass, ceramics, and specialized battery components.
What is PbO used for?
What is the band gap of PbO?
Is PbO a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is PbO thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of PbO?
What is the density of PbO?
How many polymorphs of PbO are known?
How is PbO synthesized?
What elements does PbO contain?
Where does the data for PbO come from?
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project. Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013).
- cod — Data from the Crystallography Open Database. Cite: Grazulis et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 40, D420 (2012).
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