MnSO4
manganese(II) sulfate · manganous sulfate
Manganese(II) sulfate is a stable, semiconducting inorganic compound frequently utilized as a catalyst and a precursor in chemical manufacturing.
About manganese(II) sulfate
Manganese(II) sulfate is a thermodynamically stable compound that functions as a semiconducting material. Its structural versatility is evidenced by the numerous reported crystallographic phases, making it a significant subject for materials research in catalytic systems.
As a member of the oxide-based catalyst family, it plays a vital role in electrochemical processes. Its ability to maintain stability while facilitating oxygen-evolution reactions makes it a valuable component in the development of efficient energy conversion technologies.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for manganese(II) sulfate, aggregated across 3 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of MnSO4. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for MnSO4, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | 3.84 | 0.0000 | -1.978 | — |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | orthorhombic | 2.81 | 0.0000 | -7.560 | 3.49 |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | orthorhombic | 1.22 | 0.0000 | -1.477 | — |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | orthorhombic | 1.36 | 0.0044 | -1.473 | — |
| — | — | 4.00 | 0.0087 | -1.969 | — |
| — | — | 4.23 | 0.0209 | -1.957 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0255 | -1.952 | — |
| — | — | 4.48 | 0.0497 | -1.928 | — |
| — | — | 3.59 | 0.0810 | -1.897 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.1048 | -1.873 | — |
| — | — | 3.68 | 0.1152 | -1.863 | — |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | orthorhombic | — | — | — | 3.46 |
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting MnSO4.
Applications
Where manganese(II) sulfate is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about manganese(II) sulfate, answered from cross-validated data.
What is MnSO4?
Manganese(II) sulfate is a stable, semiconducting inorganic compound frequently utilized as a catalyst and a precursor in chemical manufacturing.
What is MnSO4 used for?
What is the band gap of MnSO4?
Is MnSO4 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is MnSO4 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of MnSO4?
What is the density of MnSO4?
How many polymorphs of MnSO4 are known?
How is MnSO4 synthesized?
What elements does MnSO4 contain?
Where does the data for MnSO4 come from?
How It Compares
Within the oxide oxygen-evolution catalysts class.
While many members of the oxide catalyst class like LiCoO2 and LaMnO3 are primarily recognized for their complex perovskite or layered structures in battery applications, MnSO4 serves as a distinct sulfate-based alternative. Unlike the transition metal oxides such as NiO or BiFeO3, its chemistry is defined by the sulfate polyanion, which provides a different electronic environment for oxygen-evolution catalysis compared to the purely oxide-lattice structures of its peers.
Related Compounds
Other Oxide Oxygen-Evolution Catalysts in the database.
Data sources & attribution
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- cod — Data from the Crystallography Open Database (crystallography.net/cod/). Cite: Grazulis et al., J. Appl. Cryst. 42, 726 (2009). (CC0-1.0)
- mpaloe — Data from MP-ALOE. Cite: Kuner et al., npj Comput. Mater. (2025), doi:10.1038/s41524-025-01834-9.
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