Kr
Krypton · noble gas
Krypton is a stable, inert noble gas that acts as a wide-gap insulator and is commonly used in specialized lighting and scientific instrumentation.
About Krypton
Krypton is a noble gas that exists as a thermodynamically stable element on the convex hull. As a wide-band-gap insulator, it remains chemically inert under standard conditions, characterized by a closed-shell electronic configuration that resists typical bonding interactions.
Its significance lies in its unique physical properties as a rare atmospheric gas. It is widely utilized in specialized lighting and high-energy physics applications where its stable, non-reactive nature provides essential performance benefits in controlled environments.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Krypton, aggregated across 6 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of Kr. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Kr, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | 7.39 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 7.26 | 0.0000 | 0.001 | — |
| R-3m (No. 166) | trigonal | 7.26 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 7.26 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 7.26 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 7.25 | 0.0000 | 0.006 | — |
| R-3m (No. 166) | trigonal | 7.18 | 0.0000 | -12.584 | 2.95 |
| — | — | 7.49 | 0.0027 | 0.003 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 7.18 | 0.0074 | -12.577 | 2.77 |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 7.18 | 0.0076 | -12.577 | 2.86 |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 7.16 | 0.0079 | -12.577 | 2.81 |
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 7.17 | 0.0139 | -12.571 | 2.48 |
Applications
Where Krypton is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Krypton, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Kr?
Krypton is a stable, inert noble gas that acts as a wide-gap insulator and is commonly used in specialized lighting and scientific instrumentation.
What is Kr used for?
What is the band gap of Kr?
Is Kr a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is Kr thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of Kr?
How many polymorphs of Kr are known?
What elements does Kr contain?
Where does the data for Kr come from?
How It Compares
As a noble gas, Krypton occupies a distinct position as a highly stable, inert element. Unlike more reactive elements that readily form compounds, it serves as a fundamental reference point for chemical stability and insulating behavior within the periodic table.
Data sources & attribution
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
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