HF
Hydrogen fluoride · Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen fluoride is a highly reactive chemical compound that exists as a colorless gas or a fuming liquid. It is widely utilized as a precursor for the production of various fluorine-containing chemicals, including refrigerants and polymers.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Hydrogen fluoride, aggregated across 3 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for HF, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmcm (No. 63) | orthorhombic | 6.98 | 0.0000 | -4.378 | 1.95 |
| Cmc21 (No. 36) | orthorhombic | 6.88 | 0.0306 | -4.347 | 1.72 |
| P21/m (No. 11) | Monoclinic | — | — | — | 3.08 |
| P-1 (No. 2) | Triclinic | — | — | — | 3.38 |
| P1 (No. 1) | Triclinic | — | — | — | 3.16 |
| P-1 (No. 2) | Triclinic | — | — | — | 2.04 |
| P-1 (No. 2) | Triclinic | — | — | — | 2.45 |
| Pm (No. 6) | Monoclinic | — | — | — | 3.79 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | Monoclinic | — | — | — | 3.42 |
| P1 (No. 1) | Triclinic | — | — | — | 2.95 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | Monoclinic | — | — | — | 2.67 |
| I4/mmm (No. 139) | Tetragonal | — | — | — | 3.48 |
Applications
Where Hydrogen fluoride is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Hydrogen fluoride, answered from cross-validated data.
What is HF?
Hydrogen fluoride is a highly reactive chemical compound that exists as a colorless gas or a fuming liquid. It is widely utilized as a precursor for the production of various fluorine-containing chemicals, including refrigerants and polymers.
What is HF used for?
What is the band gap of HF?
Is HF a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is HF thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of HF?
What is the density of HF?
How many polymorphs of HF are known?
What elements does HF contain?
Where does the data for HF come from?
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project. Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013).
- mpaloe — Data from mpaloe.
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (NIST). Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020).
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