Ge4PbO9
Ge4PbO9 is a metastable, insulating oxide of germanium and lead used primarily in fundamental materials science research.
About Ge4PbO9
Ge4PbO9 is a complex oxide composed of germanium, lead, and oxygen. As a wide-band-gap insulator, it exhibits electronic properties characteristic of materials that resist electrical conduction, making it a subject of interest for specialized dielectric applications.
Despite its metastable nature, the compound has been identified across multiple structural databases, indicating a significant level of interest in its crystallographic configurations. Its unique composition allows researchers to investigate the interplay between heavy lead cations and the germanium-oxygen framework.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Ge4PbO9, aggregated across 3 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of Ge4PbO9. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Ge4PbO9, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | 3.87 | 0.0015 | -1.843 | — |
| — | — | 3.90 | 0.0017 | -1.842 | — |
| C2 (No. 5) | monoclinic | 3.56 | 0.0194 | -1.682 | — |
| P321 (No. 150) | trigonal | 3.67 | 0.0210 | -1.681 | — |
| P321 (No. 150) | trigonal | 3.19 | 0.0531 | -6.789 | 5.72 |
| C2 (No. 5) | monoclinic | 3.50 | 0.0532 | -6.789 | 5.96 |
| C2 (No. 5) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 6.05 |
| P321 (No. 150) | trigonal | — | — | — | 5.95 |
| C2 (No. 5) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 5.93 |
| C2 (No. 5) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 6.16 |
| C2 (No. 5) | monoclinic | — | — | — | 5.73 |
Synthesis Routes
Literature-extracted synthesis procedures targeting Ge4PbO9.
Applications
Where Ge4PbO9 is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Ge4PbO9, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Ge4PbO9?
Ge4PbO9 is a metastable, insulating oxide of germanium and lead used primarily in fundamental materials science research.
What is Ge4PbO9 used for?
What is the band gap of Ge4PbO9?
Is Ge4PbO9 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is Ge4PbO9 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of Ge4PbO9?
How many polymorphs of Ge4PbO9 are known?
How is Ge4PbO9 synthesized?
What elements does Ge4PbO9 contain?
Where does the data for Ge4PbO9 come from?
How It Compares
As a member of the germanium-lead-oxide family, this compound represents a specialized niche in oxide chemistry. While it lacks direct structural siblings in this specific grouping, its metastable state distinguishes it from more common, highly stable binary oxides, positioning it as a unique candidate for synthesis and phase-stability studies.
Data sources & attribution
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- cod — Data from the Crystallography Open Database (crystallography.net/cod/). Cite: Grazulis et al., J. Appl. Cryst. 42, 726 (2009). (CC0-1.0)
- mpaloe — Data from MP-ALOE. Cite: Kuner et al., npj Comput. Mater. (2025), doi:10.1038/s41524-025-01834-9.
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