FeNi3
Permalloy · Ni3Fe
FeNi3 is a stable iron-nickel alloy widely recognized for its metallic nature and significant utility in magnetic and electronic applications.
About Permalloy
FeNi3 is a metallic alloy composed of iron and nickel that exists as a thermodynamically stable phase. Its electronic structure is characterized by metallic conductivity, reflecting its role as a robust and reliable material in various metallurgical applications. The compound is highly structurally documented, underscoring its prominence in materials science research and industrial engineering. Because it resides on the convex hull, it exhibits excellent long-term stability, making it a preferred choice for demanding environments where material integrity is paramount. Its unique magnetic characteristics stem from the specific arrangement of iron and nickel atoms, which are leveraged to create high-permeability materials essential for modern technology.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Permalloy, aggregated across 5 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for FeNi3, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pm-3m (No. 221) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -6.542 | 8.90 |
| I4/mmm (No. 139) | tetragonal | 0.00 | 0.0170 | -6.525 | 8.71 |
| Pmmn (No. 59) | orthorhombic | 0.00 | 0.0353 | -6.507 | 8.91 |
| R-3m (No. 166) | trigonal | 0.00 | 0.0787 | -6.464 | 8.72 |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.1395 | -6.403 | 8.86 |
| R-3m (No. 166) | Trigonal | — | — | — | 8.89 |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | Cubic | — | — | — | 9.07 |
| I4/mmm (No. 139) | Tetragonal | — | — | — | 8.90 |
| I4/mmm (No. 139) | Tetragonal | — | — | — | 8.71 |
| Pm-3m (No. 221) | Cubic | — | — | — | 8.90 |
| Pm-3m (No. 221) | Cubic | — | — | — | 8.70 |
| Pm-3m (No. 221) | Cubic | — | — | — | 9.12 |
Applications
Where Permalloy is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Permalloy, answered from cross-validated data.
What is FeNi3?
FeNi3 is a stable iron-nickel alloy widely recognized for its metallic nature and significant utility in magnetic and electronic applications.
What is FeNi3 used for?
What is the band gap of FeNi3?
Is FeNi3 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is FeNi3 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of FeNi3?
What is the density of FeNi3?
How many polymorphs of FeNi3 are known?
What elements does FeNi3 contain?
Where does the data for FeNi3 come from?
How It Compares
As a foundational metallic alloy, FeNi3 serves as a primary reference point for iron-nickel systems, offering a balance of structural stability and functional utility that defines the performance standards for this class of materials.
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project. Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013).
- mpaloe — Data from mpaloe.
- nomad — Data from NOMAD. Cite: Draxl & Scheffler, J. Phys. Mater. 2, 036001 (2019).
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (NIST). Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020).
- omat24 — Data from OMat24 (Meta FAIR). Cite: Barroso-Luque et al., arXiv 2410.12771 (2024).
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