F2
Fluorine gas · Molecular fluorine, Difluorine
Fluorine gas is a highly reactive, insulating diatomic molecule that serves as a potent chemical oxidant in industrial and laboratory synthesis.
About Fluorine gas
Fluorine gas is the diatomic form of the most electronegative element in the periodic table. As a wide-band-gap insulator, it exists as a pale yellow gas under standard conditions and is characterized by its extreme chemical reactivity, which stems from the relatively weak bond between its atoms.
Its thermodynamic stability on the convex hull underscores its role as a fundamental building block in inorganic chemistry. It is widely utilized in industrial processes that require aggressive fluorinating agents, particularly in the production of specialized materials and high-performance electronics.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Fluorine gas, aggregated across 5 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for F2, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmce (No. 64) | orthorhombic | 2.90 | 0.0000 | -3.126 | 2.37 |
| C2/c (No. 15) | monoclinic | 2.90 | 0.0024 | -3.124 | 2.36 |
| C2/m (No. 12) | monoclinic | 2.39 | 0.0030 | -3.123 | 2.33 |
| Cmce (No. 64) | orthorhombic | 3.09 | 0.0035 | -3.123 | 1.34 |
| C2/c (No. 15) | monoclinic | 0.00 | 0.2772 | -2.849 | 2.70 |
| C2/c (No. 15) | monoclinic | 0.48 | 0.3095 | -2.817 | 2.41 |
| Pm-3n (No. 223) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.7790 | -2.347 | 3.19 |
| No. 0 | unknown | — | — | — | 0.49 |
| P4/mmm (No. 123) | — | — | — | — | — |
| P4/mmm (No. 123) | — | — | — | — | — |
| No. 0 | unknown | — | — | — | 0.21 |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | — | — | — | — | — |
Applications
Where Fluorine gas is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Fluorine gas, answered from cross-validated data.
What is F2?
Fluorine gas is a highly reactive, insulating diatomic molecule that serves as a potent chemical oxidant in industrial and laboratory synthesis.
What is F2 used for?
What is the band gap of F2?
Is F2 a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is F2 thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of F2?
What is the density of F2?
How many polymorphs of F2 are known?
What elements does F2 contain?
Where does the data for F2 come from?
How It Compares
As a fundamental diatomic element, fluorine gas serves as the primary reference point for the reactivity of halogen-based compounds, setting the standard for oxidative strength within its chemical class.
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project. Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013).
- cod — Data from the Crystallography Open Database. Cite: Grazulis et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 40, D420 (2012).
- aflow — Data from AFLOW. Cite: Curtarolo et al., Comp. Mater. Sci. 58, 218 (2012).
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