Eu
Europium · Eu
Europium is a metallic rare-earth element that is thermodynamically stable and widely studied for its diverse structural properties.
About Europium
Europium is a distinct metallic element known for its unique electronic character. As a thermodynamically stable substance, it maintains a robust structural profile that has been extensively documented across numerous experimental and computational databases.
Its role as a reactive rare-earth metal makes it essential in specialized technological applications. The material is highly regarded in research for its structural versatility, evidenced by the significant number of reported crystal configurations found in scientific literature.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Europium, aggregated across 5 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of Eu. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Eu, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -38.521 | 5.73 |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0124 | -38.509 | 5.75 |
| Cmcm (No. 63) | orthorhombic | 0.00 | 0.0156 | -38.505 | 6.09 |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0311 | -38.490 | 5.81 |
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0414 | -38.479 | 5.58 |
| R-3c (No. 167) | trigonal | 0.00 | 0.0885 | -38.432 | 5.71 |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | Hexagonal | — | — | — | 6.08 |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | Hexagonal | — | — | — | 5.70 |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | Hexagonal | — | — | — | 5.73 |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | Hexagonal | — | — | — | 5.45 |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | — | — | — | — | — |
| No. 0 | unknown | — | — | — | 2.68 |
Applications
Where Europium is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Europium, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Eu?
Europium is a metallic rare-earth element that is thermodynamically stable and widely studied for its diverse structural properties.
What is Eu used for?
What is the band gap of Eu?
Is Eu a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is Eu thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of Eu?
What is the density of Eu?
How many polymorphs of Eu are known?
What elements does Eu contain?
Where does the data for Eu come from?
How It Compares
As a standalone metallic element, Europium serves as a fundamental building block in materials science, representing the characteristic behavior of lanthanide metals without the need for complex alloying to achieve thermodynamic stability.
Data sources & attribution
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project. Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013).
- mpaloe — Data from mpaloe.
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (NIST). Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020).
- cod — Data from the Crystallography Open Database. Cite: Grazulis et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 40, D420 (2012).
- nomad — Data from NOMAD. Cite: Draxl & Scheffler, J. Phys. Mater. 2, 036001 (2019).
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