Dy
Dysprosium · Dy
Dysprosium is a stable, metallic rare-earth element widely used to improve the magnetic performance of advanced alloys.
About Dysprosium
Dysprosium is a metallic rare-earth element that occupies a stable position on the convex hull. As a heavy lanthanide, it is characterized by its distinct electronic structure which contributes to its exceptional magnetic properties and high thermal stability in various environments.
This element is highly valued in modern industry for its ability to enhance the coercivity of high-performance magnets. Its structural versatility is evidenced by the numerous crystalline forms documented across multiple materials databases, reflecting its importance in both fundamental research and industrial applications.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Dysprosium, aggregated across 6 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of Dy. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Dy, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -0.005 | — |
| R-3m (No. 166) | trigonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.014 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.013 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -31.982 | 8.43 |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.013 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.013 | — |
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.147 | — |
| Im-3m (No. 229) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.147 | — |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.014 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0002 | 0.000 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0022 | -31.980 | 8.50 |
Applications
Where Dysprosium is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Dysprosium, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Dy?
Dysprosium is a stable, metallic rare-earth element widely used to improve the magnetic performance of advanced alloys.
What is Dy used for?
What is the band gap of Dy?
Is Dy a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is Dy thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of Dy?
How many polymorphs of Dy are known?
What elements does Dy contain?
Where does the data for Dy come from?
How It Compares
As a standalone rare-earth metal, Dysprosium serves as a foundational component in the lanthanide series, distinguished by its unique magnetic moment and its essential role in stabilizing high-performance alloys compared to lighter rare-earth elements.
Data sources & attribution
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
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