BiO
BiO has a DFT band gap of 3.27 eV across 420 reported structures in 40 space groups; its reference structure is trigonal (R3m (No. 160)). Cross-validated across 4 computational databases.
BiO
At a glance
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for BiO, aggregated across 4 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
3.27 eV
Range across DFT structures · ground state: wide gap
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
0.230 eV/atom
Best (lowest) across sources
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
Unstable
3 DFT sources
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
420
4 databases, 40 space groups
Validation
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of BiO. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
0.00 / 1.00
Trust tier: low
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
0.256 eV
EAH spread across sources
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
3
jarvis, materials_project, oqmd
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Mixed (most: R3m (No. 160))
Crystallography
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for BiO, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | 3.27 | 0.2297 | -0.999 | — |
| P4/mmm (No. 123) | tetragonal | 0.00 | 0.2882 | -0.848 | — |
| P1 (No. 1) | triclinic | 0.00 | 0.2916 | -0.845 | — |
| P4/nmm (No. 129) | tetragonal | 0.00 | 0.3173 | -0.819 | — |
| P-6m2 (No. 187) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.3655 | -0.771 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.3945 | -0.834 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.4005 | -0.828 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.4049 | -0.823 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.4090 | -0.819 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.4534 | -0.775 | — |
| R3m (No. 160) | trigonal | 0.00 | 0.4855 | -5.302 | 8.64 |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.4883 | -0.740 | — |
Reference
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about BiO, answered from cross-validated data.
What is the band gap of BiO?
BiO has a DFT-computed band gap of 3.27 eV across 420 reported structures. Standard DFT underestimates band gaps, so the measured gap is typically larger.
More questions
Is BiO a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
DFT predicts a wide band gap of up to 3.27 eV (an insulator or wide-band-gap material).
Is BiO thermodynamically stable?
BiO has a lowest energy above hull of 0.230 eV/atom (unstable).
What is the crystal structure of BiO?
The reference structure of BiO is trigonal symmetry, space group R3m (No. 160).
What is the density of BiO?
The computed density of the ground-state structure of BiO is 8.64 g/cm³.
How many polymorphs of BiO are known?
420 structures of BiO are reported across 4 databases, spanning 40 distinct space groups.
What elements does BiO contain?
BiO contains Bi and O (2 elements).
Where does the data for BiO come from?
BiO data is cross-referenced from oqmd, jarvis, materials_project, mpaloe.
Data sources & attribution
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
- mpaloe — Data from MP-ALOE. Cite: Kuner et al., npj Comput. Mater. (2025), doi:10.1038/s41524-025-01834-9.
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