Ag
Silver · Argentum
Silver is a stable, highly conductive metallic element widely used in electronics and decorative applications.
About Silver
Silver is a naturally occurring metallic element that maintains a stable structure under standard conditions. As a pure metal, it is highly valued for its superior electrical and thermal conductivity, making it a cornerstone material in modern industrial and technological applications. Its electronic character is defined by its metallic nature, facilitating efficient electron transport. Due to its thermodynamic stability, it remains a reliable and persistent material in various chemical environments. It is widely utilized in electronics, jewelry, and high-performance reflective coatings.
Key Properties
Cross-validated computational properties for Silver, aggregated across 6 databases.
Band GapEnergy needed to move an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Lower or zero values tend to behave more metallic; larger gaps are more insulating or semiconducting.
Energy Above HullThermodynamic distance from the most stable set of competing phases. 0 eV/atom is on the convex hull; small positive values may still be experimentally accessible.
StabilityA plain-language summary of the best reported energy-above-hull result. It reflects whether the lowest-energy structure is on, near, or far from the stability hull.
StructuresCount of reported calculated crystal structures for this formula, including alternate polymorphs, source databases, and observed space groups.
Cross-Source DFT Agreement
How well independent DFT databases agree on the thermodynamics of Ag. Tight agreement means computed properties can be trusted without re-running calculations.
Agreement ScoreA normalized confidence score summarizing how closely independent DFT databases agree. Higher scores mean tighter cross-source agreement.
Hull SpreadDifference between the highest and lowest energy-above-hull values reported by comparable sources. Smaller spread means less thermodynamic disagreement.
Sources ComparedNumber and names of computational sources with comparable entries for this formula.
Space Group ConsensusWhether independent sources predict the same crystal symmetry for the lowest-energy structure.
Reported Structures
Lowest-energy structures reported for Ag, ranked by energy above hull.
| Space GroupSymmetry classification of the crystal arrangement. The number is the international space-group index. | Crystal SystemBroad lattice family, such as cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or triclinic, derived from unit-cell symmetry. | Band Gap (eV)Electronic gap calculated for this specific reported structure, measured in electronvolts. | E above hull (eV/atom)Thermodynamic distance from the convex hull for this structure, normalized per atom. Lower is generally more stable. | E/atom (eV)Computed total energy normalized per atom. Use energy above hull, not this value alone, when comparing stability. | Density (g/cm³)Mass per relaxed crystal volume, reported in grams per cubic centimeter. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.002 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| R-3m (No. 166) | trigonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.002 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | -21.356 | 10.32 |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.004 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.004 | — |
| P63/mmc (No. 194) | hexagonal | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.002 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| Fm-3m (No. 225) | cubic | 0.00 | 0.0000 | 0.000 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0013 | 0.001 | — |
| — | — | 0.00 | 0.0015 | 0.001 | — |
Applications
Where Silver is used.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Silver, answered from cross-validated data.
What is Ag?
Silver is a stable, highly conductive metallic element widely used in electronics and decorative applications.
What is Ag used for?
What is the band gap of Ag?
Is Ag a metal, semiconductor, or insulator?
Is Ag thermodynamically stable?
What is the crystal structure of Ag?
How many polymorphs of Ag are known?
What elements does Ag contain?
Where does the data for Ag come from?
How It Compares
As a fundamental elemental metal, silver serves as a benchmark for conductivity and stability within the broader landscape of metallic elements, representing a standard for high-performance metallic materials.
Data sources & attribution
- jarvis — Data from JARVIS (jarvis.nist.gov), NIST. Cite: Choudhary et al., npj Comp. Mater. 6, 173 (2020). (LicenseRef-US-Gov-PD)
- oqmd — Data from the OQMD (oqmd.org). Cite: Saal et al., JOM 65, 1501 (2013); Kirklin et al., npj Comp. Mater. 1, 15010 (2015). (CC-BY-4.0)
- materials_project — Data from the Materials Project (materialsproject.org). Cite: Jain et al., APL Materials 1, 011002 (2013). (CC-BY-4.0)
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